Petrological Journal

Evidence for magma mixing/mingling process in the plutonic intrusive bodies of Qorveh (Kurdistan Province): with emphasis on textural and geochemical characteristics

Seyedeh Azam Mousavi; Ashraf Torkian

Volume 14, Issue 1 , May 2023, Pages 1-26

https://doi.org/10.22108/ijp.2022.130372.1251

Abstract

The Qorveh batholith, in the N-Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone, comprises several gabbroic, dioritic and granitic masses intruded the Jurassic metamorphic assemblage (i.e., schist, amphibolite ... Read More The Qorveh batholith, in the N-Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone, comprises several gabbroic, dioritic and granitic masses intruded the Jurassic metamorphic assemblage (i.e., schist, amphibolite and marble). In spite of a number of studies which have been carried out on the various aspects of these rocks, but none of them has been studied the Mixing/Mingling model. Thus, the purpose of present study is to examine the development of the magmatic mixing process in the rocks under study based on geochemical data obtained from the enclaves and their host rocks as well as their field relationship.Analytical MethodIn order to study the geochemical properties of intrusive rocks, 10 samples of enclaves and their host rocks. The rock composition with the least amount of alteration was selected and sent to the Pennsylvania State University of (USA) to determine the amounts of major elements by ICP-AES method, and rare and rare earth elements by ICP-MS method.Field observationsThe enclaves, in the intrusive masses under study, are finer than that of their host rock. Therefore, they belong to the group of mafic fine-grained enclaves or microgranular mafic enclaves. (MMEs). The (MMEs) are in rounded and elliptical shapes in the host rocks and generally they have a sharp contact with their host and are composed of igneous minerals.PetrographyThe host rocks include granite, granodiorite and monzonite, and the enclaves are dioritic and gabbroic in composition. There are similar minerals in the enclaves and their host rocks, but they often differ in the amount of minerals. They are mainly composed of mafic mineral and plagioclase. While their host rocks are characterized by smaller amounts of these minerals, the host rocks instead have higher amounts of quartz alkali feldspar. The transfer of plagioclase crystals at the common boundary of the enclave and the host rock is evidence of the magmatic mixing process in the nature of the intrusive masses studied. A number of enclaves contain megacrystals of feldspar potassium and quartz taken from the host rocks. This supports the formation of enclaves by mixing.GeochemistryGeochemical studies indicate that these rocks are metaluminous, belonging to calc-alkaline magma series, having I-type characteristics. In Harker diagrams, mafic enclaves have higher MgO, TiO2, P2O5, Na2O, FeO(t), Al2O3, MnO and CaO contents than that of the host rocks, and lower K2O and SiO2 contents. The higher contents of CaO, MgO and FeO(t) in the enclaves, compared to their host, confirms their more mafic nature, which is usually proportional to the higher contents of mafic minerals in the modal of the enclaves than that of the host. The enrichment of the studied enclaves in Co, Cr, Ni display that these rocks are globules of mafic magmas mingling to felsic type.DiscussionAccording to field observations as well as petrographic studies, the effective factor in the evolution of magma forming intrusive masses has been mentioned as magmatic mixing. The presence of mafic fine-grained enclaves with evidence of disequilibrium textures such as feldspar with poikilitic texture, the presence of mafic masses and needle apatite, small blades-shaped plagioclase within large plagioclase or two types of plagioclases, and zoning all confirm magmatic mingling/ mixing processes. Considering that the magnesium number (Mg#) in the mantle is about 0.7 and the studied enclaves with a high magnesium number of 0.52-0.62 are evidence of the involvement of mantle-derived mafic magma. High values of Mg# in enclaves compared to their host rock (0.34-0.48) shows the mixing of magmas from the mantle with the crustal magmas. Magma mixing model has also been considered by geochemical differentiation diagrams. The trend of the samples is a curve and indicates that the effective process in magma evolution is most likely magmatic fusion. Numerous studies have shown that mafic microgranular enclaves are globules of a mantle derived mafic magma that crystallize rapidly in the injected felsic magma from the crust and, as a result, become more viscous, forming separated magmatic bubbles. In addition to the mentioned geochemical features, the enclaves are poor in LREE and LILE and enriched in Ti compared to the host rocks. Therefore, they seem to have originated from two different magmas and are placed together due to magmatic mixing.ConclusionThe host rock units in the studied intrusions include granite, granodiorite, monzonite and gabbroic, dioritic enclaves. The constituent magma of this complex is in I- type, metaluminous and is in the calc-alkaline series. Based on the studies, the dominant process in the evolution of magmatic mixing. Some new findings include the presence of reversals in submerged slabs and the penetration of fleshy compounds. Which naturally have different temperatures and compositions compared to higher crustal horizon magmas, provides conditions for the occurrence and the development of the magmatic mixing process.AcknowledgementsThis paper is a part of the dissertation of the first author and therefore the authors acknowledge the financial support of the research assistant, Bu Ali Sina University.

Volcanological and Geochemical Features of the Products of Sabalan’s Last Eruption, NW Iran

Reza Fahim Guilany; Seyed Jamal SheIhk Zakariaee; Ali Darvishzadeh; Mansour Vosoughi Abedini

Volume 10, Issue 1 , June 2019, , Pages 125-146

https://doi.org/10.22108/ijp.2019.115533.1119

Abstract

Sabalan volcano is located in the northwest part of Iran and 25km south of Meshkinshahr in the west Alborz-Azerbaijan structural zone. The rocks forming the Sabalan and its eastern ... Read More

Occurrence and chemistry of supergene sulfide and oxide minerals in Mahour polymetal ore deposit, west of Nehbandan

Mohammad Boomeri; Habib Biabangard; Kazuo Nakashima; Morteza Esform

Volume 4, Issue 14 , July 2013, , Pages 17-30

Abstract

Mahour polymetal ore deposit is located in the eastern margin of Lut block, 130 Km west of Nehbandan. The supergene mineralization mainly occurs as a north-south trend in the Tertiary ... Read More

Petrological and isotopic study of basaltic rocks of Barzand area and comparison with Poshtasar originat basalts in South of Germi

Mohammad Mobashergermi; Reza Zarei Sahamieh; Mehraj Aghazadeh; Ahmad Ahamadi Khalaji; Gholamreza Ahmadzadeh; Peter Le Roux

Volume 10, Issue 1 , June 2019, , Pages 23-52

https://doi.org/10.22108/ijp.2018.110094.1079

Abstract

basaltic rocks in Barzand area (Continue to Kousmalyn basaltic rocks in Iran) show parallel trend with Poshtasar basalt and they have older age according to stratigraphy in comparison ... Read More

Mineralogy and origin of garnet in acidic volcanic rocks of Dastgerd area, Qom

Ali Akbar Baharifar

Volume 1, Issue 4 , March 2011, , Pages 1-14

Abstract

The rhyolitic and trachytic domes in south of Dastgerd in Qom province, contain garnet phenocrysts. Based on the micro-probe analysis, garnets are almandine rich, and poor in other ... Read More

The behavior of major and trace elements of the tourmaline from the Mangavai and Ganjnameh pegmatitic rocks (Hamadan area)

Ahmad Ahmadi khalaji; zahra Tahmasbi; Farhad Zal; Zahra Shabani

Volume 7, Issue 27 , October 2016, , Pages 1-24

https://doi.org/10.22108/ijp.2016.21015

Abstract

The Mangavai and Ganjnameh pegmatitic rocks are part of the Alvand granitoid pluton in the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone. The composition of tourmaline in Mangavi is Schorl and that of the Ganjnameh ... Read More

Petrology and tectono-magmatic setting of Zorrati granitoid, southwest of Birjand (East of Lut block)

Ebadolah Toulabi Nejad; Ahmad Ahamadi Khalaji; Mohammad Ebrahimi; Habib Biabangard; Rasoul Esmaeili

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 23 July 2022

https://doi.org/10.22108/ijp.2021.125463.1207

Abstract

The Zorrati granitoid (ZG) pluton exposed on the eastern edge of the Lut block trending north-south. The Lut block surrounded in the north by the Darone fault, in the south by the Jazmurian ... Read More The Zorrati granitoid (ZG) pluton exposed on the eastern edge of the Lut block trending north-south. The Lut block surrounded in the north by the Darone fault, in the south by the Jazmurian fault and in the east and the west by Nahbandan and Naiband faults respectively (Naderi Miqan and Akrami, 2006). A number of investigations have been carried out by various researchers regarding how and when the magmatism and volcanism of the Lut Block was initiated among which Eftekharnezhad (1980) can be notable, who predicted the subduction of the oceanic crust towards the west and under the Lut Block based on the volume and time distribution. Saccani et al. (2010) suggested that the subduction of the oceanic crust took place towards the east and under the Afghan block. The closest intrusive bodies to the Zorrati granitoid are the Shah Kouh granitoid, the Deh Salam granitoid, the Chahar Farsakh granitoid, and the Sefidkoh granitoid.This dominant rocks of the pluton under study are biotite tonalite and syenogranite-alkali feldspar granite together with biotite and tourmaline porphyritic granodiorite, and granite. The ZG consisting of igneous and metasediment enclaves as well as felsic veins and dykes. According to several studies including field observations, petrology, and geochemical studies the rock units make up the studied pluton have possibly different origins.Materials and methodsFor lithological and geochemical investigations of the Zorrati granitoid pluton and its tonalitic enclaves, after microscopic studies, 11 fresh samples were selected and sent to the Institute of Geology and Geophysics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences for XRF and ICP-MS analyses.PetrographyThe constituent minerals of the granitoid rocks are quartz, plagioclase, microcline, orthoclase, biotite, muscovite and tourmaline.Whole Rock ChemistryThe Zorrati granitoid (ZG) is a high potassium calc-alkaline, peraluminous, and S-type granitoid. Trace element plots show at least two trends, which probably point to different origins for the rock units forming this pluton. The studied rocks are Rb, Th, U, K, and Pb enrichment and depleted in Nb, Sr, P, Ti, and Zr, indicative of the crustal origin of the relevant magmas in a collision zone. Tourmaline porphyritic granodiorite and syenogranite-alkali feldspar granite were formed by melting a clay-rich metapelitic protolith with upper crust origin due to muscovite dehydration without the intervention of the mantle in a continental collision zone. Porphyritic biotite granodiorite along with granite, biotite tonalite, and igneous enclaves were formed by melting of a metagreywacke-poor clay protolith with upper crustal origin due to biotite dehydration without the intervention of the mantle in a collision and a post-collision settings, respectively. Water pressure of ≥5 kbar and temperature of 650 to 700 °C were estimated for the tourmaline-biotite porphyritic granodiorites and the syenogranite-alkali feldspar granite. Likewise, temperature of ~775 °C was determined for the granite, biotite tonalite and igneous enclaves.DiscussionBiotite tonalite and syenogranite to alkali feldspar granite units are the two main and large granitoid units covering most of the area. The other units including granite, biotite, and tourmaline porphyritic granodiorite along with dikes and aplitic and pegmatite veins show high potassium and peraluminous calc-alkaline series related to S-type granites. The remarkable features of these rocks are of the Rb, Th, U, K, Pb enrichment and the Nb, Sr, P, Ti, and Zr depletion as well as having different origins and different tectonic environment. For example, the tourmaline-bearing porphyritic granodiorite and syenogranite to alkali feldspar granite were originated by melting of a metapelitic clay-rich source in the upper crust without mantle intervention, in a collisional tectonic environment while muscovite dehydration plays a significant role. Biotite-bearing porphyritic granodiorite along with granite, biotite-bearing tonalite, and its enclaves formed by melting of a plagioclase-rich metagreywacke in the upper crust without mantle interference, in a collisional and post-collisional tectonic environment, respectively, while dehydration of biotite was involved in their formation. According to their lithological, geochemical, tectonic characteristics and different origin, like the other granitoids in this part of the Lut block (Moradi Noghondar et al., 2012), two different ages of the Middle Jurassic (biotite-bearing tonalite) and the Eocene - Oligocene (syenogranite - alkali feldspar granite) can be suggested for the Zorrati granitoid (ZG) pluton.

Evolution of the ore-forming fluids in the Dashkasan gold deposit, NE Qorveh, West of Iran, based on tourmaline chemical composition and fluid inclusion data

Mohammad Moradi; Zahra Alaminia; Ebrahim Tale Fazel; Mahin Mansouri Esfahani

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 31 May 2022

https://doi.org/10.22108/ijp.2022.132378.1265

Abstract

The Dashkasan gold deposit with 52 Mt of oxidized ore reserves at mean grades of 1.77 g/t Au is hosted by porphyritic dacite/rhyodacite rocks. Tourmaline mineralization occurs as ... Read More

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Geology, mineralization and geochemistry of ore-mineral and intrusive rocks in North of Bahariyeh area, East of Kashmar, NE Iran

Fatemeh Najmi; Azadeh Malekzadeh Shafaroudi; mohammad Hassan Karimpour

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 28 September 2022

https://doi.org/10.22108/ijp.2022.132381.1266

Abstract

The North of Baharieh prospecting area is located central part of Khaf-Kashmar-Bardaskan magmatic belt (KKBMB), east of Kashmar in Khorasan Razavi province. This area includes outcrops ... Read More

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Cenozoic magmatism petrogenesis and evolution in the Sangan mining district: using zircon mineral chemistry

Majid Ghasemi Siani; Behzad Mehrabi; Franz Neubauer

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 09 April 2023

https://doi.org/10.22108/ijp.2023.136429.1290

Abstract

منطقه معدنی سنگان در خاوری‌ترین قسمت کمان ماگمایی البرز واقع شده و ماگماتیسم ولکانوپلوتونیک ائوسن ... Read More منطقه معدنی سنگان در خاوری‌ترین قسمت کمان ماگمایی البرز واقع شده و ماگماتیسم ولکانوپلوتونیک ائوسن باعث کانی‌سازی گسترده اسکارن آهن در منطقه شده است. گرانتیوئید بارور سرنوسر در شمال منطقه و گرانتیوئید عقیم سرخر و برمانی در جنوب‌خاور منطقه مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت که گرانیتوئیدهای نوع کالک‌آلکالن اسیدی محسوب می‌شوند. دیاگرام‌های Nb در مقابل Ta، Y در مقابل Yb/Sm و Y در مقابل Ce/Ce* نشان داد که زیرکن‌های مورد مطالعه در محدوده سنگ‌های آذرین گرانیتوئیدی واقع می‌شوند. محتوای بالای Hf نشان می‌دهد که تبلور توده‌های سرخر و برمانی از یک ماگمای فلسیک با تفریق بالاتر رخ داده است. تفریق بیشتر در گرانیتوئید سرخر و برمانی با مقادیر آنومالی منفی Eu بیشتری (02/0 تا 27/0) نسبت گرانیتوئید سرنوسر (12/0 تا 56/0) نیز نشان داده شده که در ارتباط با تبلور پلاژیوکلاز در گرانیتوئیدها است. در نمودارهای تمایز U/Yb در مقابل Hf و U در مقابل Yb، همه زیرکن‌های مورد مطالعه در محدوده زیرکن‌های با منشأ پوسته قاره‌ای قرار گرفته‌اند. بر اساس نمودارهای تمایز دو متغیره Th/U در مقابل Nb/Hf و Th/Nb در مقابل Hf/Th، اکثر زیرکن‌های مورد مطالعه در محدوده کوهزایی واقع شده‌اند که نشان‌دهنده تحول یک کمان ماگمایی یا کوهزایی مولد ماگماتیسم کالک‌آلکالن در منطقه معدنی سنگان است.

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Evidence for magma mixing/mingling process in the plutonic intrusive bodies of Qorveh (Kurdistan Province): with emphasis on textural and geochemical characteristics

Abstract

Volcanological and Geochemical Features of the Products of Sabalan’s Last Eruption, NW Iran

Abstract

Occurrence and chemistry of supergene sulfide and oxide minerals in Mahour polymetal ore deposit, west of Nehbandan

Abstract

Petrological and isotopic study of basaltic rocks of Barzand area and comparison with Poshtasar originat basalts in South of Germi

Abstract

Mineralogy and origin of garnet in acidic volcanic rocks of Dastgerd area, Qom

Abstract

The behavior of major and trace elements of the tourmaline from the Mangavai and Ganjnameh pegmatitic rocks (Hamadan area)

Abstract

Petrology and tectono-magmatic setting of Zorrati granitoid, southwest of Birjand (East of Lut block)

Abstract

Evolution of the ore-forming fluids in the Dashkasan gold deposit, NE Qorveh, West of Iran, based on tourmaline chemical composition and fluid inclusion data

Abstract

Geology, mineralization and geochemistry of ore-mineral and intrusive rocks in North of Bahariyeh area, East of Kashmar, NE Iran

Abstract

Cenozoic magmatism petrogenesis and evolution in the Sangan mining district: using zircon mineral chemistry

Abstract

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